Aries & Mathematics

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Gaurav_Aries
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1. Paul Erd?s, in English Paul Erdos or Paul Erd?s (March 26, 1913 ? September 20, 1996), was an immensely prolific (and famously eccentric) Hungarian mathematician who, with hundreds of collaborators, worked on problems in combinatorics, graph theory, number theory, classical analysis, approximation theory, set theory and probability theory. He could add at age 3 and at age 4 he could calculate for friends of the family how many seconds they had lived (Hoffman 1998). Erd?s showed early promise as a prodigy, and soon became regarded as a mathematical genius by his peers.

2. Leonhard Euler (April 15, 1707 ? September 7, 1783) was a Swiss mathematician and physicist, who spent a very long time in Russia and Germany. Euler is considered to be the preeminent mathematician of the 18th century and one of the greatest of all time. He is also one of the most prolific; his collected works fill 60?80 quarto volumes. A statement attributed to Pierre-Simon Laplace expresses Euler's influence on mathematics: "Read Euler, read Euler, he is a master for us all".

3. Pierre-Simon, Marquis de Laplace (March 23, 1749 ? March 5, 1827) was a French mathematician and astronomer who put the final capstone on mathematical astronomy by summarizing and extending the work of his predecessors in his five volume M?canique C?leste (Celestial Mechanics) (1799-1825). This masterpiece translated the geometrical study of mechanics used by Isaac Newton to one based on calculus, known as physical mechanics

4. Stefan Banach (Austro-Hungarian Poland, March 30, 1892 ? August 31, 1945,) was an eminent Polish mathematician. Stefan Banach was one of the moving spirits of the Lw?w School of Mathematics in prewar Poland. He had been largely self-taught in mathematics; his genius had been accidentally discovered by Juliusz Mien and later by Hugo Steinhaus.

5. Stanis_aw Marcin Ulam (April 13, 1909 ? May 13, 1984) was a Jewish-Polish mathematician who participated in the Manhattan Project and proposed the Teller?Ulam design of thermonuclear weapons. He also invented nuclear pulse propulsion and developed a number of mathematical tools in number theory, set theory, ergodic theory, and algebraic topology.

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Gaurav_Aries
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6. George David Birkhoff (21 March 1884, Overisel, Michigan - 12 November 1944, Cambridge, Massachusetts) was an American mathematician, best known for what is now called the ergodic theorem. Birkhoff was one of the most important leaders in American mathematics in his generation, and during his prime he was considered by many to be the preeminent American mathematician.

7. Amalie Emmy Noether [1] (March 23, 1882 ? April 14, 1935) was a German-born mathematician, said by Einstein in eulogy to be "[i]n the judgment of the most competent living mathematicians, [...] the most significant creative mathematical genius thus far produced since the higher education of women began." [2] Almost universally known as Emmy Noether, she had penerating insights that she used to develop elegant abstractions. t


8. Ren? Descartes (March 31, 1596 ? February 11, 1650), also known as Renatus Cartesius (latinized form), was a highly influential French philosopher, mathematician, scientist, and writer. Dubbed the "Founder of Modern Philosophy" and the "Father of Modern Mathematics", much of subsequent western philosophy is a reaction to his writings, which have been closely studied from his time down to the present day. His influence in mathematics is also apparent, the Cartesian coordinate system used in plane geometry and algebra being named after him, and he was one of the key figures in the Scientific Revolution.

9. Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier (March 21, 1768 - May 16, 1830) was a French mathematician and physicist who is best known for initiating the investigation of Fourier series and their application to problems of heat flow. The Fourier transform is also named in his honor.

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10. Sir Andrew John Wiles (born April 11, 1953) is a British-American research mathematician at Princeton University in number theory. He attended The Leys School, Cambridge and then earned his BA degree from Merton College, Oxford University in 1974 and Ph.D. from Clare College, Cambridge University in 1980. His graduate research was guided by John Coates beginning in the summer of 1975. Together they worked on the arithmetic of elliptic curves with complex multiplication by the methods of Iwasawa theory. He made major breakthroughs in the study of rational elliptic curves associated with modular forms. He is most famous for finally proving Fermat's Last Theorem. One of the most exciting recent developments was the proof of Fermat's Last Theorem, following 350 years of the brightest mathematical minds attempting to settle the problem.

11. Marie-Sophie Germain (April 1, 1776 ? June 27, 1831) was an important French mathematician. Germain was born to a middle-class merchant family in Paris, France. She had two sisters, Marie-Madeleine and Angelique-Ambroise. Her interest sparked at age thirteen. Although her parents discouraged her, she ignored their wishes and continued her mathematical studies. Several years later, when she was eighteen, she managed to get some lecture notes from several courses at ?cole Polytechnique, a school which did not admit women.

12. Marcel Grossmann (born in Budapest on April 9, 1878 - died in Zurich on September 7, 1936) was a mathematician, a friend, and a classmate of Albert Einstein. He became a Professor of Mathematics at the Federal Polytechnic Institute in Zurich, today the ETH Zurich, specialising in descriptive geometry.
It was Grossmann who emphasized the importance of a non-Euclidean geometry called elliptic geometry to Einstein, which was a necessary step in the development of Einstein's general theory of relativity. Abraham Pais's book on Einstein suggests that Grossman mentored Einstein in the necessary tensor theory.